S.N.
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Contents
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(A) Introduction
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(B). Stages
of process of execution of foundation work on site
1.) Excavations
2.) Anti –termite treatment
a) What is termite
b)
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3) Shuttering
4) Polythene
Sheet
a)Purposes of polythene sheet
5) Plain Cement Concrete (P.C.C Bed)
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6) R.C.C.
Footing
7) Marking Center line.
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8) Neck
Column
9) Concreting
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10) Bitumen Paint
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a)Purposes of Bitumen Paint.
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(A)Introduction:
Execution of foundation work is quite crucial for structure.
Foundation is the initial phase of the construction which receives all the
loads from the superstructure. It plays important role to keep the structure
safe. In this
articles of I have included the steps or procedure of foundation
work on the site.
(B) Stages of Execution of Foundation work
This stage of the execution of the foundation may differ
according to the state and company strategy.
1.Excavations:
Excavation is the preliminary step of
construction. Excavation is the process of removing unnecessary soil mass from its original location.
Removed Soil mass is required for back fill or grade fill. Excavation is generally
Bulk excavation, trench excavation and pit excavation. Excavation is done as
per the engineering report or as per Engineer suggestions.
Pits of Isolated Footing
2. .Anti-Termite Treatment
Termite control is the second step of
executing the shallow foundation at construction site. After the excavation
compaction is done on the foundations surfaces.
a)What is termite?
Termite is renowned as “Silent killer or
silent destroyer” because it damages the structure. Termite eats wood, plastics
fabric from plants, wallpaper.
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| Termites or Germs |
b)What is the Purpose of Anti-Termite Treatment for any Structure?
Termite is the main purposes of providing the anti-termite treatment is to protect the structure from sub terrain termites. Anti termite is in the form of liquid which sprayed on the earth and kept it open to the atmosphere for 24 hours.Anti –termite treatment is sprayed all the side and bottom portion of excavation.
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| Spraying Anti-termite |
3. Shuttering :
Shuttering is done at all the sides of the
foundations for concreting and required shape. Excavations are done at least 1 foot
extra from the actual width and length of the foundation because of easy
placing and removing of shuttering.
4. Polythene sheet:
This is the third step of process of
execution of work on site. Polythene sheet is laid on the surface of ground
after the Anti termite treatment. The size of polythene sheet ranges from 2 mm
to 6 mm thick.
a)Purposes of polythene sheet
Polythene sheet is act as damp proof
membrane. Polythene sheet helps to control seepage of water into the bottom of
the foundation. In initial stage of concrete, the water from the concrete will
come out and it will soaked by the ground then it loses it strength and
workability.So prevent the concrete property polythene sheet is provided.
5. Plain cement Concrete (P.C.C. ):
Plain cement is the mixture of cement, sand,
and aggregate without reinforcement. In execution of foundation work, the Grade
of concrete used is
Grade of concrete =M 7.5
Proportion of concrete= 1:4:8
1= cement
2= fine aggregate
4 = Coarse aggregate
Amount of water in liter required cement
content and water cement ratio. The thickness of PCC is 10 cm.
6. Implementation of Reinforcement :
In foundation work reinforcement is provided
in both the direction .One direction bar is main bar and another direction bar
is distribution bar or Binders. This Reinforcement is withstands by the
concrete cover blocks
The minimum thickness of cover to main
reinforcement shall not be less than 50 mm to surface contact with the earth
surface.
Reinforcement laid for the foundation
7. Marking Center line:
Center line is marked as per structural
drawing. Longitudinal Bar is positioned and the development length of the bar
is tied with laid reinforcement.
8. Neck Column:
Neck column is extended up to the plinth level.
It is the portion or parts of the column between the top of the footing to
ground beam.
9. Concreting:
After doing Reinforcement and column
extension concreting is done properly.
10. Bitumen Paint:
After neck column is constructed then
bitumen paint is done. It is black color paint and painted over the structure
before the back filling of soil.
Bitumen Paint
a)Why we provide the Bitumen Paint ?
a)
Bitumen is act as water proofing material and
weather protecting.
b)
It imparts strength.
c)
It protects the structure from the corrosion.
d)
It is done all around the structure.
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